INTERNET OF THINGS TECHNOLOGIES, IMPLEMENTATION, CHALLENGES AND THE NIGERIAN CONTEXT TOWARDS ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly evolved since its inception, reshaping the way we connect, collect data, and make decisions. This paper explores the foundational aspects of IoT, its technologies, real-world applications, challenges, standards, and case studies. IoT encompasses a wide range of applications, from smart homes and cities to healthcare, industry, and environmental monitoring. Key IoT technologies, including sensors, connectivity protocols, and IoT platforms, enable this transformative connectivity. However, IoT faces challenges such as security, device management, and standardization. Prominent IoT standards and initiatives are discussed, and case studies illustrate the practical impact of IoT in various sectors. In Nigeria, IoT is beginning to gain traction, particularly in fields like oil and gas, traffic control, security, and smart metering. The article concludes with future trends, highlighting digital twins, 5G, AI, edge computing, and IPv6 as pivotal drivers of IoT's continued evolution.