International Journal of African Research Sustainability Studies
International Journal of African Research Sustainability Studies is a peer-reviewed, open access scholarly publication committed to advancing original research articles, theoretical perspectives, and practical insights in the interdisciplinary field of sustainability within the African context. The journal provides an academic platform for researchers, scholars, policymakers, and practitioners to disseminate findings that contribute to sustainable development across diverse sectors in Africa and beyond. eISSN: 3027-2599 ISSN: 3027-0529
Cambridge Research and Publications International
PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY AND ADMINISTRATIVE GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA
Public health policy in Nigeria stands at the intersection of governance, administration, and service delivery. Despite the adoption of several policy frameworks such as the National Health Policy (NHP), National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) reforms, and the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), Nigeria continues to grapple with challenges that undermine effective health governance. These include bureaucratic bottlenecks, weak institutional frameworks, corruption, inadequate funding, inequitable access to healthcare services, and limited accountability mechanisms. This article interrogates the role of public administration in shaping health policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation in Nigeria. Anchored on public policy and institutional theories, the study employs a qualitative research method, supported by secondary data from government reports, World Health Organization (WHO) databases, and scholarly publications. The analysis highlights that while health policy goals in Nigeria are ambitious, poor administrative capacity has hindered their realization. Evidence shows persistent regional disparities in healthcare delivery, weak monitoring and evaluation systems, and the dominance of political patronage in health resource allocation. Findings also reveal that reforms targeting digital health governance, decentralization, and increased citizen participation hold promise for improved service delivery. The study argues that strengthening administrative structures, adopting evidence-based policymaking, and curbing systemic corruption are crucial for Nigeria to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3. The paper concludes with recommendations for reform, emphasizing accountability, adequate financing, and the professionalization of health administration as pathways toward effective policy implementation.
Copyright (c) 2025 DR. BAKARI MUHAMMADU SUKARE, ABUBAKAR ABDULLAHI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ADVANCED RECYCLING AND REUSE OF METALLURGICAL WASTES FOR SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS PROCESSING
Metallurgical wastes recycling and reuse have emerged as the window to achieving sustainable material processing and implementing circular economy practice. The research uses a systematic review approach adhering to the PRISMA protocol to aggregate information from 78 peer-reviewed journals over the years 2015 to 2025. The review classifies metallurgical wastes into steel slags, tailings, red mud/bauxite residues, and metallurgical dusts and sludges and examines their valorisation as construction materials, resource recovery techniques, and innovative functional products. Findings show construction reuse, representing 41% of the studies reviewed, as having extensive substitution potential with up to 60% for cement and concrete uses combined with up to 25% CO₂ saving potential. Resource recovery routes, representing 38% of the reviewed works, have provided high-value extraction yields of 70–95% for base metals but are constrained by high reagent and energy requirements. Use of high-technology materials, which contributed just 21% to the research, had significant scope towards evolving geopolymers and high-performance composites with enhanced mechanical and environmental performance. Comparative evaluation indicates that the use in construction is the most advanced, recovery of resources holds the maximum economic potential, and development of advanced materials is closest to long-term sustainability targets but needs increased industrial adoption. The results highlight the imperative of effective, sustainable, and scalable recycling strategies to maximize environmental, technical, and economic efficiency in metallurgical waste valorisation.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF PERCENTAGE VARIATION OF THE INTRINSIC GROWTH RATE PARAMETER VALUE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY RH IN THE INTERACTION BETWEEN POLLUTANT LEVEL PM1 AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY USING NUMERICAL COMPUTATIONAL METHOD
Runge-Kutta order 45 numerical method was used computationally to conduct impact analysis in terms of percentage quantification for the interaction between pollutant level PM1 and relative humidity RH. In this study, sensitivity analysis was carried out by decreasing and increasing the intrinsic growth rate parameter value of RH in terms of percentage variation in its interaction with pollutant level PM1. In this study, we have adopted the mathematical modelling approach of numerical simulation using Matlab ODE45 numerical scheme for a time interval of 0(30)360 months. We observed that due to a 50% variation of the intrinsic growth rate of the relative humidity RH at an interval of 30days for a total time period of 366 days, we observed that the modified value of the PM1 experienced a negligible gain down the trend from an initial value of 6.30 and increases to a converging saturated value of 15.2333 in amount over an optimal time of 360days with the relative humidity having a severe loss from an initial value of 62.0 which decreased to a converging saturated value of 32.3668 in amount over an optimal time of 360days when compared to the fixed coordinates and the quantification which measures this slight depletion and severe gain observed. Furthermore, due to a 150% variation of the intrinsic growth rate of the relative humidity RH at an interval of 30days for a total time period of 366 days, we observed that the modified value of the PM1 experienced a negligible loss down the trend from an initial value of 6.30 and increases to a converging saturated value of 14.8081 in amount over an optimal time of 360days with the relative humidity having a severe gain from an initial value of 62.0 which increased to a converging saturated value of 107.3958 in amount over an optimal time of 360days when compared to the fixed coordinates and the quantification which measures this slight depletion and severe gain were observed. The full results and discussion of these novel contributions to knowledge are fully presented in this work.
Copyright (c) 2025 R.E. AKPODEE, Y.P. IGWE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BIOSECURITY AND AMR AWARENESS STRATEGIES: A CONCEPT PROPOSAL FOR GRASSROOTS ENGAGEMENT IN NIGERIA
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and biosecurity breaches pose serious threats to public health, food safety, and agricultural productivity in Nigeria. Poor antibiotic stewardship, lack of public awareness, and weak biosecurity practices, especially in rural and peri-urban communities, contribute to the spread of resistant infections in humans and animals. This paper proposes grassroots, community-based intervention such as AMR street dialogues and mobile health corners aimed at promoting responsible antibiotics use and basic farm biosecurity practices in everyday settings. Utilizing drama skits, local language storytelling, and public health consultations, the program seeks to improve understanding of AMR and practical biosecurity behaviours. Collaboration with religious leaders, youth groups, and market associations will enhance trust and expected outcomes include improved public knowledge, reduced self-medication, strengthened farm-level biosecurity, and stronger community partnerships for disease prevention. By leveraging local culture and social structures, this intervention offers a model to address AMR and biosecurity gaps in Nigerian communities, complementing national policy efforts and contributing to long-term public health resilience. The anticipated outcomes include increased public awareness, improved antimicrobial use habits, and strengthened farm-level biosecurity, contributing to overall disease prevention and public health resilience. The initiative combines culturally tailored health education with accessible mobile health services in markets, schools, motor parks, and farming communities to create awareness on combating antimicrobial resistance in underdeveloped country like Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2025 RAFEE’AH OMOWUNMI AARE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLICATIONS OF TAX REFORMS AND THE HARMONIZATION LAW ON REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT IN NASARAWA STATE
Tax reforms have become central instruments for strengthening fiscal capacity, reducing revenue leakages, and promoting sustainable development at the sub-national levels in Nigeria. In Nasarawa State, the enactment of the Harmonization and Administration of Revenue Law (2020) and its Amendment (2023) marked a significant shift in property taxation and revenue administration. Hence, this study examined the implications of these reforms on property taxation and real estate development. A qualitative research design was adopted, employing semi-structured interviews with Estate Surveyors, Real Estate Developers, Revenue Officials, Landlords, and Community Representatives. Thematic analysis was used to identify key perspectives and stakeholder opinions. The findings revealed that the reforms introduced major changes, including the centralization of property tax collection, digitization of revenue processes, and expansion of taxable items. These measures enhanced transparency, improved investor confidence, and reduced incidences of multiple taxation. However, the reform also increased compliance costs and administrative burdens for developers and landlords. Thus, while some developers welcomed the predictability of taxation, others considered that probable higher levies may discourage new investments, especially in low and middle-income housing. Consequently, the research noted some gaps in taxpayer sensitization, administrative efficiency, and institutional coordination. The study thus concludes that while the reform enhanced fiscal efficiency; they have significant implications on real estate development. The study therefore recommended targeted tax incentives for affordable housing, stronger sensitization, reinvestment of revenues into urban infrastructure, and capacity-building for the Nasarawa State Internal Revenue Service. Importantly, the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (NIESV) should be formally incorporated into the implementation framework to ensure fairness in property valuation and promote sustainable real estate development.
Copyright (c) 2025 AJANI, USMAN YUSUF, AYODELE, KAYODE DAVID, OJENIYI MOSES ADEOLU, ADEOSUN ABDUL OLANREWAJU, BABATUNDE FOLARIN ABIODUN, FASINA WOLE KAZEEM (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE (ESG) PRACTICES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
This study examines the effects of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices on the financial performance of listed deposit money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria, using Tobin’s Q as a proxy for market-based valuation. The study covers a panel dataset of 12 banks over ten years from 2015 to 2024. The Environmental Practices Score (EPS), Social Practices Score (SPS), and Governance Practices Score (GPS) were employed to measure ESG performance, while firm size (FSZ) was introduced as a control variable. A panel regression model was adopted following the Hausman specification test. The empirical findings reveal that EPS has a negative and marginally significant effect on Tobin’s Q, implying that environmental practices, though essential for long-term sustainability, impose short-run costs that dampen market valuation. By contrast, SPS exerts a strong positive and highly significant influence on Tobin’s Q, indicating that social practices such as financial inclusion, customer protection, employee welfare, and community development are rewarded by investors through higher firm valuation. Governance practices (GPS) also demonstrate a positive and significant impact on Tobin’s Q, underscoring the importance of strong governance structures in enhancing transparency, accountability, and investor confidence. Firm size (FSZ), however, is found to be statistically insignificant, suggesting that market valuation depends more on the quality of ESG practices than on the scale of operations. The study concludes that ESG practices are key drivers of financial performance in the Nigerian banking sector, although their effects vary across pillars. While social and governance practices significantly enhance firm value, environmental practices currently reflect trade-offs between upfront costs and future benefits. These results lend support to stakeholder theory, agency theory, and trade-off theory. The study recommends that regulators strengthen ESG disclosure standards and provide incentives for environmental initiatives, while banks should embed ESG more strategically into their business models to achieve sustainable financial and market outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 SHEHU ANAS KUWA, ABUBAKAR MODIBBO (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FOREIGN FINANCIAL INFLOWS AND GDP PER CAPITA IN NIGERIA
The study empirically examined the relationship between foreign financial inflows and Gross Domestic Product Per Capita ((GDPPC) in Nigeria for the period of 1991 to 2022. Foreign financial inflows were disaggregated into foreign direct investment inflows (FDII), foreign portfolio investment inflows (FPII) and official development assistance (ODA) as well as public external debt (PEXD) and foreign remittances (REMIT). Data was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin 2023, World Bank Data Base and Knomade 2023. The study made use of Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model approach to co-integration for the analysis. The results indicate no cointegration between foreign financial inflows and gross domestic product per capita in Nigeria. In the short-run, the results indicate that only public external debt has a significant relationship with Gross Domestic Product Per Capita. Foreign portfolio investment inflows show a negative but not significant relationship with Gross Domestic Product Per Capita. The results also revealed that foreign direct investment inflows and remittances have great potential to contribute significantly to GDPPC in the short run at less than 10% level of significance. It is recommended among others, that Nigerian government sustain the positive and significant relationship that exists between public external debt and gross domestic product per capita, review its foreign portfolio investment policies to uncover the reasons instead of contributing positively it shows a negative relationship and encourage more foreign direct investment and remittances inflows.
Copyright (c) 2025 IHEJIRIKA, PETERS O., OGAM, JUDE NGOZI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS AND ADOPTION OF STABLECOINS IN NIGERIA: DRIVERS AND BARRIERS
Stablecoin use in emerging economies remains uneven, underscoring the importance of understanding the perceptions that shape adoption. This study explored how stability, security, usefulness, regulatory protection, and social acceptability influence stablecoin adoption in Nigeria. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Perceived Risk Theory (PRT), data from 403 users were analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings indicate that stability, security, usefulness, and regulation significantly influence adoption, while social acceptability plays a modest role. Together, these factors explained a large share of adoption behaviour. The study contributes to existing models by combining TAM’s focus on usefulness with PRT’s risk-reduction perspective, providing a more comprehensive view of adoption decisions. Practical lessons point to the importance of clearer regulation, stronger security, and utility-focused innovations. Although limited by its cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reports, the study opens the door for future cross-country and longitudinal research.
Copyright (c) 2025 OBIEFULE, HARRISON CHINONSO, ASONYE, BRIGHT ONYEDIKACHI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF BARRIERS IN ACHIEVING OPEN DEFECATION FREE (ODF) AND WAY-OUT
In developing regions, achieving Open defecation Free (ODF) remains a huge challenge, with critical implications on both public and environmental health which ultimately affects economic development. This review paper examines key factors hindering efforts in ODF attainment and sustainability, with the aiming to identify research gaps and highlight actionable future directions. A comprehensive literature review was conducted drawing from peer-reviewed journals and case studies among athers. Academic resource pool such as Google Scholar, Elsevier and ProQuest provided relevant materials mostly published between 2016 and 2024. The materials were carefully searched using keywords such as ‘open defecation free’, ‘challenges to ODF sustainability’ and ‘factors contributing to open defecation’. The results of the review paper reveal that achieving sustainable Open Defecation Free (ODF) status requires addressing a complex interrelated barrier, with the analysis identifying key themes ranked by their prevalence across the findings: Infrastructure and access challenges, at 20.88%, represent the most significant barrier, followed by socioeconomic factors (17.58%) and educational and awareness initiatives (13.19%). Other important themes include ineffectiveness of sanitation programs and interventions (10.66%), cultural norms and behaviors (9.89%), geographic disparities (7.69%), gender-specific challenges (6.59%), poor policy and governance issues (5.49%), poor monitoring and evaluation (5.46%). The study recommended a collaborative approach among governments, NGOs, communities, and individuals in ensuring lasting sanitation initiatives.
LES EFFETS DU PATRIOTISME DANS BLEU-BLANC-ROUGE ET UN NEGRE A VIOLE UNE BLONDE A DALLAS
L’étude « Les effets du patriotisme dans Bleu-Blanc-Rouge et Un nègre a violé une blonde à Dallas » vise à examiner les aspects positifs et négatifs du patriotisme sur les Africains à travers les romans d’Alain Mabanckou et de Ramonu Sanusi. Dans cette analyse, nous avons employé la méthode de la lecture méthodique à laquelle nous avons évoqué les pensées explorées par les auteurs telles qu’elles se manifestent dans les deux romans mis en valeur pour faire cette recherche. Les pensées de nos écrivains représentent les données recueillies pour cette étude. Dans ces données, nous distinguons seize dans Bleu-Blanc-Rouge d’Alain Mabanckou et dix dans Un nègre a violé une blonde à Dallas de Ramonu Sanusi. Cette étude examine aussi d’autres méthodes telles que l’approche historique et la méthode de l’analyse textuelle. Ces méthodes que nous venons de citer nous amènent à faire une analyse subtile sur l’ensemble des termes qui enrichit les effets positifs ou négatifs du concept du patriotisme tel le cas. Cette recherche répond certaines questions qui essaient de savoir si le patriotisme possède vraiment les effets positifs voire les effets négatifs ou les deux sur les peuples Africains. Cette recherche s’intéresse tout court à l’étude du patriotisme avec laquelle nous avons identifié des concepts y compris l’identité culturelle, l’union ou la désunion, l’acculturation, l’hybridité culturelle, la blanchité, le racisme, l’exploitation, la soumission et la prise de conscience comme les montrent Mabanckou et Sanusi dans les romans en question.
Copyright (c) 2025 AZIAKONOU, KOFFI DODZI, AGUNLOYE, COLETTE CHINENYE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL BACKGROUND AND PRESCHOOLERS' NUMERACY SKILLS IN OGBA/EGBEMA/NDONI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF RIVERS STATE
The parental background of preschoolers serves as a compass to the preschoolers' numeracy skills. This study examined the relationship between parental background and preschoolers' numeracy skills in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. It made use of two research questions and corresponding hypotheses. Thepopulationforthisstudycomprisedallthe parents of the Nursery Three (Transition class) in ECCDE CentresinOgba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area, summing up to 3,760. The sample for the study was 376 pupils from the five selected ECCDE centres in the said Local Government Area. The Sample was obtained through random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was a checklist designed by the researcher entitled, “The Relationship between Parental Background and Preschoolers' Numeracy Skills Checklist"(RPBPNSC) which was administered and tested using mean and standard deviation. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample size. The study implored a correlational design. It was face and content validated by three experts. It has a reliability coefficient of 0.52. The findings indicated that parental educational and income levels related to the preschoolers' numeracy skills. Therefore, it was recommended among others that parents, should been courage to engage in numeracy-related activities with their children while the care givers should provide targeted supports and resources for preschoolers from disadvantaged backgrounds to enhance their numeracy skills.
Copyright (c) 2025 ESTHER CHINEDU WORDU (PhD), MAGDALENE OGBEMUDIA IFEOMA (PhD) (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INTRICACIES OF BLITHE DUMPING OF SOLID WASTE: IS OUR HEALTH AT JEOPARDY?
The improper disposal of solid waste is a significant environmental and public health concern in Bida, Niger State. This study assesses the solid waste disposal practices and health implications of Bida residents. A survey research that applied 179 house questionnaire administration, and statistical packages was used in analyzing data based on the questionnaire administered with the adoption of convenient and stratification techniques. Purposive sampling was used to select 5 wards from 14 available wards for the study in order to collect the predicted data. The study revealed that most residents dispose of their waste through open dumping and burning, posing significant health risks thus establishes a strong correlation between poor waste disposal practices and the prevalence of waste-related diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, and respiratory infections and this was corroborated via the percentile analysis, valid indicators and inferences, that portend dangers to the health and environment as a whole, this invariably establishes that waste disposal practice is significantly influence healthy environment. The study concluded that it is only through the combined elements of human capital, prompt governmental efforts, and change in attitudinal behaviour, proper sanitation sensitization and monitoring are substantial sustainable paradigm to stimulate solid waste disposal practices towards attainment of efficient, safe and healthy environment. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the complex issues surrounding solid waste disposal practices in Bida, highlighting the need for a comprehensive and sustainable approach disposal practice to enhance proper sanitation exercises so as to checkmate the spread of contagious disease.
Copyright (c) 2025 OJO KAYODE AYOBAMI, ADEWUMI SEGUN MICHEAL, OJO TITILAYO GRACE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN PLANNING AND MANAGING ADULT LEARNING INITIATIVES: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI CENTRE FOR DISTANCE LEARNING, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA
This study Assess the role of technology in planning and managing adult learning initiatives at the University of Maiduguri’s Centre for Distance Learning, Borno State, Nigeria. With the increasing demand for flexible and accessible education, technology has become a critical tool for enhancing the delivery and administration of adult education programs. Using a case study approach, this research investigates the technologies currently in use, their effectiveness, and the challenges faced in their implementation. Data was collected through interviews, surveys, and document analysis. The findings reveal that while technology has significantly improved the planning and management of adult learning initiatives, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, low digital literacy, and funding constraints persist. The study concludes with recommendations for improving technology integration and scaling up successful practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 MOHAMMED BUKAR ALIBE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) ADOPTION ON ACCOUNTING PRACTICES AND FINANCIAL REPORTING ACCURACY IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
This study examined the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) adoption on accounting practices and financial reporting accuracy in public institutions. The increasing reliance on ICT in financial management has raised critical questions about its role in improving efficiency, accuracy, and accountability in the public sector. The objectives of the study were to assess the extent of ICT adoption in accounting practices, and examine its effect on the timeliness and accuracy of financial reporting, A descriptive survey design was employed, with data collected from accountants, auditors, and financial officers in selected public institutions using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests. The findings revealed that ICT has been moderately adopted in public institutions, with accounting information systems, electronic auditing tools, and integrated financial management systems being the most widely used. ICT adoption was found to significantly enhance the timeliness and accuracy of financial reports, strengthen internal control mechanisms, and reduce cases of human error and financial fraud. However, challenges such as inadequate ICT infrastructure, limited technical expertise, poor funding, and cybersecurity risks hinder effective utilization. The study concludes that ICT adoption is vital for transparent and reliable financial reporting in the public sector. It recommends strengthening ICT infrastructure, providing regular training, enforcing standardized systems, and adopting strong cybersecurity measures to ensure accountability and sustainable public financial management.
Copyright (c) 2025 DR. OKEKWU ATE MUSA, MELIGA ABRAHAM (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESOLVING BOKO HARAM CONFLICT FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA’S NORTH-EAST REGION
The study examined possible alternatives capable of resolving Boko Haram conflict so as to promote sustainable economic development in Nigeria`s North-East region. Primary and secondary methods of data collection were utilized in the research. The study investigated the possibility of resolving Boko Haram conflict in North-East Nigeria, identified means of promoting sustainable economic development in the region after resolving the conflict and found out alternative ways for integrating peace with economic development in the region. It found that, Boko Haram conflict in North- East Nigeria could be resolved through multi-track diplomacy and negotiation. Post conflict rehabilitation and economic empowerment as the research found out is an effective means of promoting sustainable economic development in the region in the post conflict era. The study recommended the adoption of multi-track diplomacy and unconditional amnesty for Boko Haram fighters willing to surrender to the government forces as measures necessary for resolving the ongoing Boko Haram conflict for the promotion of sustainable economic development in Nigeria`s North-East region. Keywords: Boko Haram, Conflict, Development, Economic, Resolving, Sustainable
Copyright (c) 2025 IBRAHIM GHIDE ADAMU, IBRAHIM LEFAMI, HASSAN KYARI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HEALTHCARE FINANCING MODELS AND WORKFORCE ATTITUDES FOR SUSTAINABLE HEALTH SYSTEMS IN CONFLICT-AFFECTED YOBE STATE
Healthcare systems in fragile regions face persistent challenges of inadequate financing and workforce shortages, both of which undermine service delivery and long-term sustainability. This study examined the role of healthcare financing models and workforce attitudes in sustaining healthcare utilization in Yobe State, Nigeria, a region severely affected by conflict and poverty. Using a cross-sectional field survey design, data were collected from 456 households and healthcare facilities through structured questionnaires and checklists. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including logistic regression, were applied using SPSS version 28. Results showed that poverty and inflation significantly reduced healthcare utilization, while community-based health insurance (CBHI) improved access (β = 0.431, p = 0.007). Government funding, particularly when linked to performance-based financing, strongly enhanced facility survival (β = 0.733, p < 0.001), whereas donor support, though beneficial in emergencies, lacked long term significance. Out-of-pocket payments were associated with inequity and low sustainability. Workforce motivation emerged as a decisive factor, with motivated staff improving patient trust and service uptake, while burnout and insecurity discouraged utilization. These findings show that sustainable healthcare in fragile regions requires a dual strategy: expanding institutional financing through CBHI and government led funding, while simultaneously strengthening workforce resilience through incentives, training, and security guarantees. The study concludes that only by integrating economic, financing, and workforce strategies can health systems in conflict prone regions is functional and equitable.
Copyright (c) 2025 ABUBAKAR, B. S., MUHAMMAD, A. I., ABDULLAHI, M. H., HARUNA, M. S., KANA, I. Y. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND PEACEBUILDING IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF IFE-MODAKEKE CRISIS
This study examines the ongoing ethnic conflict between the Ife and Modakeke communities in Nigeria, focusing on the underlying causes, the effectiveness of current conflict resolution techniques, and the prospects for a durable peace. The study intends to highlight the obstacles that hinder Nigeria's ability to resolve conflicts sustainably, particularly in addressing structural inequality, political marginalization, and economic inequities. A mixed-methods approach is employed, combining quantitative and qualitative data gathered through interviews, questionnaires, and secondary sources. Thematic analysis is used to identify key themes related to the nature of the conflict, the role of traditional conflict resolution mechanisms, and the efficacy of governmental interventions. The findings indicate that the Ife-Modakeke conflict is driven by multiple factors, including economic disparities, political marginalization, and land disputes. While traditional conflict resolution techniques have been useful, they have proven inadequate in resolving the systemic roots of the problem. Government actions, while providing temporary relief, often fail to address fundamental issues. The study concludes that achieving lasting peace requires addressing structural injustices and integrating conflict resolution strategies with broader national reforms.
Copyright (c) 2025 SARAFADEEN USMAN, ADEBOLA A. ALADE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PARENTAL SUPPORT AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SOCIAL STUDIES AMONG STUDENTS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS IN OBIO/AKPOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
The study investigated parental support and academic performance in social studies among students with hearing impairment in special schools in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area. The study adopted correlational research design. The study was guided by three research questions and three null hypotheses. The population of the study comprised fifty-four (54) students with hearing impairment in the area. The sample size was 54 students with hearing impairment which was adopted through the use of census sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire, titled: “'Parental Support Questionnaire' (PSQ) and 'Social Studies Performance Test' (SSPT)”. The instruments were validated by the researchers’ supervisor and experts in Special Needs Education. The reliability of the instrument was determined through test re-test reliability method which yielded a reliability index for (PSQ) as r=0.71 and (SSPT)as r=0.73. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to answer the research questions and test the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that there was high positive relationship between parental emotional support, parental social support, parental academic support and academic performance in social studies among students with hearing impairment in special schools in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. That there was significant relationship between parental emotional support, parental social support, parental academic support and academic performance in social studies among students with hearing impairment in special schools in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. It was recommended among others that; teachers should be encouraged to realize that they are loco parentis and as such in the absence of the parents, they should also provide emotional, social and academic support to the students
Copyright (c) 2025 HOLYDOM TORBARI SANIKPEGE, HOLYDOM, TORBARI HOPE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPACT OF SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIAN BANKS
Sustainability has become a strategic determinant of competitive advantage in the global banking industry, with growing evidence that robust environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices can enhance profitability, risk management, and market reputation. The effects of sustainability practices on financial performance are under-researched, especially in Nigeria, where the banks are critical to the economic growth of the country. The paper studies how the ESG integration is linked to financial performance of Nigerian banks that are defined by evolving regulatory frameworks, growing stakeholder expectations and pressure on the environment and society. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining a panel-data econometric model with qualitative content analysis of ESG disclosures drawn from annual and sustainability reports, and Central Bank of Nigeria filings covering 2022–2024.Financial indicators analysed include Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Earnings per Share (EPS), and Total Assets, while ESG indices were constructed from measurable environmental, social, and governance parameters. Control variables comprised bank size, leverage, and macroeconomic factors. The findings reveal that profitability indicators, particularly ROE and EPS, are the dominant drivers of Profit Before Tax (PBT), with Total Assets playing a secondary, reinforcing role. Trajectories specific to banks show that GTCO achieves high PBT by maintaining and driving a high ROE and faster expansion of EPS, Zenith Bank experiences scale-driven earnings accretions, and Access Holdings attains consistently rising PBT in parallel with efficiency and governance improvements. UBA demonstrates strong profit growth supported by a steady expansion of total assets and above-average equity returns, while FirstBank shows consistent improvements in ROA, ROE, and EPS, reflecting the positive outcomes of governance-driven reforms and balance sheet consolidation. Correlation analysis indicates no significant link between bank size and profitability ratios, though slight negative trends in ROA and ROE suggest scale dilution effects.
Copyright (c) 2025 OSINLU, BAMIDELE OLUSIJI, ASONYE, BRIGHT (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN THE ENERGY SECTOR OF NIGERIA IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, NIGERIA
This study investigates the integration and economic viability of biotechnological applications in Nigeria’s energy sector, with a focus on the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Using a descriptive research design and a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 400 respondents through structured surveys, interviews, direct observations, and focus group discussions. Results show that biogas systems account for 57.1% of biotechnology-based energy use in the FCT, followed by biofuels (21.4%), microbial fuel cells (14.3%), and algae-based energy (7.2%). A cost-benefit analysis revealed that biogas production offers the highest return on investment (82.5%) despite contributing only 23% of annual revenue, making it the most financially viable option. Biomass gasification, while capital intensive (50.2% of investment), accounts for the highest environmental impact with 42.9% of CO₂ emission reductions and 41.7% of total job creation. The study highlights untapped bioenergy potential, hindered by limited policy enforcement, infrastructure gaps, and funding constraints, and recommends strengthened policy frameworks, targeted investments, and capacity-building initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2025 ANNE NDONIMA DANLADI, J. I. MAGAJI, MAHMUD ABUBAKAR (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
READINESS OF ESTATE MANAGEMENT FIRMS FOR AI-BASED RENT PRICING SYSTEMS IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming global real estate practice, particularly in rent pricing where predictive algorithms allow for enhanced efficiency, accuracy, and transparency. Rent pricing, once a human-centered process dependent on comparative market surveys and subjective judgment, is now shifting toward automated models capable of analyzing big data for market responsiveness. In mature markets such as the United States and the United Kingdom, platforms like Zillow and Rightmove demonstrate how AI-driven systems are shaping landlord–tenant interactions and reducing pricing disputes. However, in developing economies like Nigeria, the question of readiness for such technological disruptions remains unresolved. This study explores the readiness of estate management firms in Southwestern Nigeria to adopt AI-based rent pricing systems. The study draws on the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to assess multiple dimensions of readiness, including technological infrastructure, financial capacity, human resource competence, and organizational culture. Readiness is conceptualized not only as the presence of infrastructure but also as “the willingness and ability of firms to deploy and sustain new technologies in their operations”. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining structured questionnaires, interviews, and secondary data analysis. Findings reveal that while firms demonstrate moderate awareness of AI concepts, substantial gaps exist in infrastructural preparedness, funding capability, and staff training. For example, many firms, especially those outside Lagos, lack reliable broadband and analytical tools essential for AI adoption. Organizational resistance to change also emerged as a critical barrier, consistent with previous research that “cultural inertia within professional service firms often undermines innovation adoption”. Despite these limitations, estate managers recognize opportunities for AI to improve transparency, attract foreign investment, and enhance competitiveness in Nigeria’s dynamic rental market. The study concludes that readiness among estate management firms in Southwestern Nigeria is still emerging and uneven across states. Lagos demonstrates relatively higher preparedness due to its stronger technological ecosystem and concentration of larger firms, while states such as Osun and Ekiti lag behind. Policy interventions, professional training, and industry–technology partnerships are recommended to accelerate AI adoption. By addressing these readiness gaps, Nigeria’s estate management profession can align more closely with global best practices, thereby improving market efficiency and strengthening the credibility of rent pricing systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 OJEKEMI ADEOLU, LAWAL FATIMOH ADEOLA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF BIOMASS ENERGY IN NIGERIA: OPPORTUNITIES, CONSTRAINTS AND POLICY INTERVENTIONS
Nigeria’s growing population and expanding economy have intensified the demand for reliable, sustainable and diversified energy sources. This study offers a critical analysis of biomass energy as a viable alternative to conventional energy systems, examining its prospects, inherent challenges, and the policy interventions necessary for its successful integration into Nigeria’s energy landscape. With an estimated potential to generate 7.5 million cubic meters of bioethanol annually—of which 62% could be sourced from agricultural residues—and over 71% of municipal solid waste being combustible, Nigeria possesses abundant biomass resources with significant energy value. However, the sector is constrained by financial limitations, infrastructural deficits, poor policy implementation, low public awareness, and insufficient governmental support. Despite these barriers, biomass energy presents numerous opportunities, including renewable power generation, rural electrification, sustainable waste management, job creation, climate change mitigation, and improved public health through better indoor air quality. This study emphasizes the importance of strategic policy formulation, international cooperation, development of biomass databases, and infrastructural investment as pathways toward overcoming existing challenges. The findings advocate for a coordinated national framework that fosters innovation and positions biomass energy as a cornerstone of Nigeria’s transition to a resilient, inclusive, and environmentally sustainable energy future.
Copyright (c) 2025 MUHAMMAD SADIQ, MUHAMMAD NAZIRU YAHAYA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
WORSHIP INNOVATION AMONG THE PENTECOSTALS IN NIGERIA
This article explored the dynamic and innovative approaches to worship among Pentecostal churches in Nigeria. Using qualitative analytical approach as well as participant observation, this paper revealed the role of worship innovation among Pentecostal churches in attracting and retaining members which foster spiritual growth, and promoting community engagement. It equally found out that the Pentecostals in Nigeria are redefining traditional worship practices, while incorporating contemporary elements such as music, technology and social media to create vibrant and engaging worship experiences. The paper furthered argued that some of these creativities, especially in the area of healing and deliverance are unbiblical, unnecessary and raises moral questions. The paper ended by positing that worship must be bible based; for worship is prescribed in the Bible.
MODERN AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES IN KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
This study employed a descriptive research design to investigate occupational hazards and safety measures associated with modern agricultural practices in Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected through structured interviews, surveys, direct observations, and focus group discussions involving agricultural workers, farm managers, and extension officers. Secondary data from government reports and academic literature supplemented the analysis. Using a representative sample selected via multi-stage sampling, the study applied descriptive statistics, thematic analysis, and regression techniques to assess the adoption of mechanization, agrochemicals, improved seeds, irrigation, crop diversification, and digital agricultural technologies. Findings reveal significant uptake of agrochemicals (68.2%) and crop diversification (58.2%), moderate mechanization adoption (37.9%), and low use of irrigation (29.2%) and digital tools (21.3%). Barriers such as cost, limited training, infrastructure deficits, and digital illiteracy hinder broader adoption. The study underscores the need for targeted subsidies, extension services, and rural connectivity programs to enhance safety and productivity in Karu’s agricultural sector.
HYBRID PEACE GOVERNANCE AND AFRICAN TRADITIONAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION MECHANISMS: RECLAIMING INDIGENOUS PATHWAYS FOR SUSTAINABLE PEACE
This study explores the persistent challenges of communal conflict across Africa and argues for a culturally grounded alternative to conventional, state-centric peacebuilding models. Drawing on the theoretical lens of the Hybrid Peace Governance Framework, the research underscores the critical role of African traditional conflict resolution mechanisms such as Rwanda’s Gacaca courts, Uganda’s Mato Oput, Somalia’s Xeer, and South Sudan’s Pallo in fostering sustainable peace. These indigenous systems emphasize restorative justice, communal healing, and consensus-building, offering accessible and locally legitimate alternatives to Western legal paradigms. While these approaches possess significant adaptive capacity and social legitimacy, the study also critically engages with their limitations, including issues of gender exclusion, political manipulation, and enforcement capacity. The Hybrid Peace Governance Framework is presented as a viable solution that bridges traditional and modern systems, fostering complementarity, mutual accountability, and local ownership. Employing a qualitative research methodology grounded primarily in secondary sources, this study offers a comprehensive analysis of both the theoretical underpinnings and empirical applications of hybrid peacebuilding across the continent. Ultimately, it argues that a context-specific, inclusive, and participatory integration of indigenous and formal institutions provides the most promising pathway toward sustainable conflict resolution in Africa.
African Traditional Conflict Resolution Mechanisms
Copyright (c) 2025 OLUYEMI, OPEOLUWA ADISA (PhD), PROFESSOR AKINWUNMI, ADEBOYE AKANNI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THEORY TO PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS STRATEGIES FOR ORGANISATIONAL SUCCESS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Sustainability has transcended being just a buzzword and has proven to be an integral part of corporate strategy. Modern businesses strive to balance the three main prongs of long-term commercial prosperity, which are; economic profitability, social responsibility and environmental sustainability. This corporate trilogy aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a to-do list of the global business community. This paper fills a gap in the current literature by examining the comparatively understudied businesses in Nigerian enterprises in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa. Using a mixed-methods approach, this paper explores major concerns by analysing the sustainable integration practices of three companies chosen as primary case studies, which include Unilever, Dangote Group and MTN Nigeria. Themes include environmental, social and economic sustainability, sustainability leadership, objectives and vision (or strategy), stakeholder involvement and sustainability reporting. Different barriers to integration, short-term thinking, ‘not our core business’ justification, and the irrelevance of expertise have been discussed and analysed.
Copyright (c) 2025 INI-ABASI L. ABIMBOLA, KAYODE ABE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTERNET BANKING ACCEPTANCE, (POS): INFLUENCE OF PERCEIVED ONLINE SECURITY AND TRUST AMONG RURAL BANK CUSTOMERS IN BAUCHI STATE
The study investigates the effect of customer perceived online security and trust on acceptance of Point of Sales (POS) internet banking services. This analysis is based on survey field data collected from 423 POS customers in 20 local government areas of Bauchi state North-East Nigeria. PLS-SEM approach was used to analyze the data using smart-PLS 4.0.7.8 software. Perceived online security (credit reliability, privacy) affects acceptance of internet banking (computability, ease of perceived usage and usefulness of perceived usage) by POS customers and trust (competency, benevolence). Competence, benevolence and honesty affect compatability, ease of perceived usage, and usefulness of perceived usage. Credit and reliability have no effect on honesty, ease of perceived usage, usefulness of perceived use as well as privacy on compatability. Privacy has no effect on honesty and competence. Competence, benevolence and honesty also have no effect on compatability and usefulness of perceived usage. More importantly, competence, benevolence and honesty have mediating effect. Benevolence has no mediating effect. The study is limited to POS customers in Bauchi state North East- Nigeria. The study suggests that banks through their POS agents need to focus on security measures aimed at ensuring and earning customers’ trust to encourage them adopt internet banking service through POS.
ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENTS IN ALUMINUM RECYCLING: A STRATEGIC IMPERATIVE FOR ENTREPRENEURS
The recycling and re-manufacturing of aluminum utensils in local facilities provide notable economic and environmental advantages. However, ergonomic considerations are critical for workers health, productivity, and overall operational efficiency are frequently overlooked. This study presents a detailed ergonomic assessment of a small-scale aluminum recycling and utensil manufacturing facility in Nigeria, focusing on physical demands imposed by workstation layouts, levels of worker fatigue and musculoskeletal discomfort, and the awareness of entrepreneurs regarding ergonomic investments. The study employed validated tools such as the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), structured questionnaires, direct observations, and productivity self-report scales, the study identified major ergonomic risk factors and proposed strategic interventions. A total of 40 participants—38 production workers and 2 facility managers were surveyed. The demographic profile was predominantly male (90%) with a mean age of 36.4 years. The results revealed critical ergonomic hazards. REBA analysis indicated that 7.25 of the evaluated tasks fell within the medium to very high risk categories, necessitating urgent ergonomic intervention. Discomfort was most prevalent in the lower back (85%), neck/shoulders (70%), wrists/forearms (78%), knees/legs (75%), and elbows (48%). Daily productivity loss due to fatigue was estimated at 648 units, and the calculated Fatigue-Productivity Impact Index (FPII) stood at 19.06%, indicating substantial erosion in operational efficiency. Fatigue was inversely correlated with productivity, with nearly a one-third drop observed as fatigue levels increased from low (1–2) to high (4–5). Moreover, only 35% of entrepreneurs demonstrated awareness of ergonomic practices, while 48% reported having no knowledge at all. The entrepreneurial constraints to ergonomic investment were ranked by severity: financial limitations (51%), limited technical knowledge (20%), space constraints (16%), and lack of expert guidance (5%). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant correlation between high physical stress and both increased discomfort and reduced productivity. The study concludes that ergonomic neglect not only exacerbates worker health challenges but also contributes to tangible productivity losses. Integrating ergonomic solutions can thus serve as a catalyst for improved workforce well-being, operational performance, and sustainable entrepreneurship. This research contributes valuable insights into occupational health in the informal sector and offers practical recommendations for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and regulatory agencies.
Copyright (c) 2025 AREMU ADEBAYO A., AREMU ATINUKE B., GRACE O. EGUNJOBI, KAZEEM B. OYENIYI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND SAFETY CULTURE ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE AMONG SELECTED SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMEs) IN SOUTH WEST NIGERIA
This study investigates the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and safety culture on business performance among selected small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in South West Nigeria. Despite extensive research on each variable independently, limited empirical attention has been paid to their combined influence on SME performance within the Nigerian context. A survey research design was adopted, using a structured questionnaire to collect data from selected SMEs across Lagos, Ogun, Osun, Oyo, Ondo, and Ekiti States. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Findings from the result of multiple regression results reveal that entrepreneurial orientation variables explain 85.0% of the variance in business performance (R² = 0.850, Adjusted R² = 0.849, F = 554.345, p < 0.01), with innovativeness (t = 10.587), proactiveness (t = 13.847), risk-taking (t = 45.654), and competitive aggressiveness (t = 2.665) showing significant positive effects, while autonomy (t = -0.216) was not significant. Similarly, safety culture variables account for 82.3% of the variance in performance (R² = 0.823, Adjusted R² = 0.822, F = 478.215, p < 0.01), with management commitment (t = 10.517), employee training (t = 13.405), safety communication (t = 3.993), and hazard control (t = 5.967) having significant positive effects, while employee involvement (t = 0.844) was not statistically significant. The study concludes that the integration of entrepreneurial orientation and safety culture significantly enhances business performance. It recommends that SME owners foster innovation and strategic risk-taking while embedding strong safety practices and leadership commitment to improve operational efficiency and competitiveness.
DEBT, GOVERNANCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES
This study examined the relationships between government debt, governance quality, and economic development across the West African nations from 2010 to 2024. Using the Human Development Index (HDI) as the primary development indicator, the research employed Quantile via Moment (QvM) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) econometric approaches to address heterogeneity and endogeneity concerns. The findings revealed that government debt consistently exhibited negative effects on development outcomes, with particularly strong impacts at median development levels. Debt service payments demonstrated even stronger negative associations with HDI, suggesting immediate fiscal constraints on development spending. Governance quality emerged as the most powerful positive determinant of development, with coefficients peaking at the median development level, validating institutional theories of development. Physical capital formation showed robust positive effects across all specifications, while trade openness demonstrated modest but consistently positive associations with development. The research extended beyond conventional growth metrics to encompass multidimensional development outcomes and provided empirical evidence for nonlinear governance effects across development levels. The study concluded that while debt management provides fiscal stability and investments supply growth engines, governance quality remains the critical factor that determines development effectiveness inWest Africa. It was recommended among others that West African Countries should establish clear debt thresholds and fiscal rules to maintain sustainable debt levels.