TREND OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN NASARAWA SOUTH, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study examines the trend of climate variability in Nasarawa South, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, over the past three decades, focusing on key climatic parameters such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed, and dew point. Analysis of meteorological data from 1990 to 2020 reveals a significant and steady rise in average annual temperatures, with an increase of approximately 2.5°C, reflecting both regional and global warming patterns. Rainfall patterns during the same period exhibit considerable variability, marked by alternating years of heavy precipitation and prolonged dry spells, and a general decline in annual totals from a peak of 1,400 mm in the mid-2000s to about 1,100 mm by 2020. The onset and cessation of the rainy season have become increasingly unpredictable, resulting in shorter growing seasons and lower crop yields, as reported by local farmers. Relative humidity has shown a gradual increase, while wind speed has generally declined, and dew point values have risen sharply, indicating more humid and uncomfortable atmospheric conditions. These climatic shifts have profound implications for agriculture, water resources, and public health in the region. The study emphasizes the urgent need for adaptive strategies, including climate-resilient agricultural practices, improved water management, and the integration of early warning systems, to mitigate the adverse impacts of ongoing climate variability on livelihoods and food security in Nasarawa South.