International Journal of Management Science and Business Analysis Research
International Journal of Management Science and Business Analysis Research is a peer-reviewed, open access journal dedicated to advancing empirical and theoretical research in management science, business analysis, and related fields. The journal serves as a scholarly platform for researchers, academics, consultants, and industry professionals to share insights, methodologies, and applied solutions that support strategic business decision-making and organisational development. eISSN: 3027-1711 ISSN: 3026-8168
Cambridge Research and Publications International
INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION SUCCESS
Students of F.C.E Bichi has been confronted by innumerable of challenges in adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) due lack of modern technology which halt students practical work that can enhances students’ abilities, skills and prepare them for future productivity also the challenges were further complex with the inadequate facilities, educator training to unlock AI’s potential in entrepreneurship education. This paper examines influence of artificial intelligence on entrepreneurship education among students of F.C.E Bichi in Kano State, Nigeria. The contemporary paper is essentially based on content analysis through the review of the relevant kinds of literature on the subject matter. This paper suggested a conceptual framework to aid understanding of artificial intelligence. The study provides a useful guide to F.C.E Bichi by exploring the possible of the theory of Technology adoption model as an applicable model. It concluded that students of F.C.E Bichi does not have the knowledge of modern technology but only rely on paper work. The study emphasizes the need for digital set-up, curriculum reforms, and educator training to unlock AI’s potential in entrepreneurship education. it gives policy prescriptions for how to make personalized learning arrangements better and more efficient in similar institutions. Future research directions include longitudinal and empirical studies.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM, GOVERNMENT POLICY, AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA
This study examined the effect of internal control systems and government policy on the financial performance of commercial banks. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, specifically a cross-sectional technique. A total of 125 managerial staff from commercial banks in the Bauchi South Senatorial Zone were selected for the study. Structured questionnaires were used and distributed with a stratified proportional random sampling procedure. The collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The hypotheses were examined by regression analysis, which demonstrated that risk assessment, control activities, and monitoring had a considerable favourable impact on the financial performance of commercial banks. However, the control environment and information and communication were found to have no significant influence. Furthermore, government policy does not regulate or influence the connection between ICS and financial performance. It was recommended that commercial banks' management, particularly the senior risk manager and senior operations manager, should establish a robust security network to minimise theft and threats to the bank's operations and property and should consistently prioritise ethical decision-making and strive to enhance integrity and competence. Furthermore, it is imperative to establish a very proactive and consistent internal control monitoring system to verify the presence and effectiveness of controls.
HISTORICAL EFFECT OF TAXATION ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF NIGERIA
Adequate and compelling strategy is relevant to any effective development and advancement process pointed toward accomplishing high business and employments, practical economic development, cost strength and long-suitability of the equilibrium of payments. It is in line with this that this study looks at the impacts of tax assessment on economic development of Nigeria crossing through the time span of twenty (20) years (2004-2024). The major purpose of the study was to ascertain the historical effect of taxation on economic growth of Nigeria measured by total national output. Theoretical framework of the study was based on benefit received theory, ability to pay principle, financial theory and principle of equity. Auxiliary and secondary information were obtained from CBN Statistical Bulletin, and other relevant sources for the period under review. The data were examined utilizing SPSS statistical package version 26. The outcomes found a positive and significant relationship exist between the various variables. The study concludes that taxation can affect the economy positively if appropriately organized and thus recommends that Government should employ the income produced from tax particularly company income tax to put resources into other domestic area in the economy.
FIRM PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTES AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF LISTED CONSUMER GOODS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
One of the fundamental causes of corporate distress points to the fact that inadequate and inappropriate capital mix characterize the Nigerian firms. Therefore, this study examined the effect of firm performance attributes on capital structure of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria for the period 2013 to 2023 financial years. The study employed ex- post facto research design and purposive sampling technique was used to select 13 listed consumer goods firms out of study’s population of 20 listed consumer goods firms. Data were sourced from the Annual Report and Accounts of sampled firms. Descriptive statistics, Correlation analysis and Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) of multiple regression methods were employed in the study. The results revealed that profitability (t-val= -18.2069, P<0.05) had a negative and significant influence on the capital structure while liquidity had a positive and significant influence on the capital structure ( t-val= 29.8059 (, P<0.05). This finding indicated that firms with higher liquidity tend to have a higher debt-to-equity ratio. The study concluded that profitability and liquidity are among the major drivers of capital structure of consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study recommended among others that the management of consumer goods firm should prioritize the improvement and proper management of their profitability and liquidity level. By focusing on these areas, consumer goods companies can position themselves for greater financial stability and expansion opportunities.
TRAINING AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMEs) IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
This study examined the relationship between training and employee engagement among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Niger State, Nigeria. To dtermine the relationship between on-the-job, off-the-job training and employee engagement among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Niger State, Nigeria. A quantitative research design survey was adopted, and data were collected from 390 SMEs owners/ managers using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and multiple regression analyses were employed to analyze the data. The findings reveal that on-the-job training has a strong and statistically significant positive relationship with employee engagement, while off-the-job training shows no significant relationship with employee engagement. The study concludes that workplace-based training (hand-on) remains a key driver of employee engagement in SMEs in Niger State, Nigeria. It recommends that SME managers prioritize on-the-job training initiatives to enhance employee engagement and organizational performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 ALKALI, LARAI FATI, PROF. UMAR, M. S. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN AUDIT AND ASSURANCE RISK IN THE DIGITAL AGE
The digital age has fundamentally reshaped audit and assurance practices, introducing advanced technologies that enhance audit quality while simultaneously creating new and complex risk exposures. Technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), blockchain, big data analytics, cloud computing, and cybersecurity systems are redefining how audit evidence is generated, evaluated, and reported. In emerging economies such as Nigeria, digital adoption has accelerated across banking, fintech, telecommunications, and public sector institutions, compelling auditors to operate within increasingly automated and data-intensive environments. The purpose and objective of this study was to review conceptually how digital technologies was influencing audit risk, professional judgement, and assurance reliability. The study adopted library research method drawing on global literature and Nigerian-based studies. Findings from the study suggest that, while technology can enhance assurance, it cannot replace professional skepticism. The study concluded that digital transformation has expanded, rather than diminished, the role of auditors. In the light of this therefore, the study recommended that practitioners and professionals should undergo continuous and intensive training in AI applications and other digital tools to enhance their capacity and ability to rise to the demand of the current technology-driven ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2025 SAMSON ADEWALE DISU, AKEEM ATANDA GARUBA, ADEKUNLE A. ADEYEMI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT TAX INCENTIVES AND SUSTAINABILITY OF SMALL BUSINESSES IN LAGOS STATE
This determined into the relationship between tax incentives by government and sustainability of small businesses in Lagos State, Nigeria. Given the importance of small firms as engines of economic growth, the article seeks to understand howpenury policies, such as tax incentives, affect these firm's survival and long-term resiliency. The study adopted a correlational design and data were obtained from 174 small business operators in Lagos State through the use of questionnaire. The result indicates a low but significant r = 0.45, p value = 0.0005) correlation between government tax incentives and sustainable of small businesses. The evidence you are finding also brings out the value that appropriately designed and judiciously implemented tax incentives can have in improving cash flow, easing formalization and facilitating innovation— things that are vital for business survival. Yet, the bureaucratic intricacy, the lack of administrative capacity and the risk of distorting the market reflect the necessity of a coherent policy. Taking these insights into consideration, the study suggests that those in power should simplify tax systems, design incentives to the sector, enhance institutional capacity, and (optional) financial and capacity dimensions should be incorporated in the analysis of influence fiscal measures. In the final analysis, the results underscore the importance of strategic and targeted tax incentives as indispensable policy mechanisms to foster the resilience and sustainability of small firms in Lagos State, with overall implications for wider economic development and poverty reduction.
Copyright (c) 2025 OCHADE MAXWELL (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AND FRAUD PREVENTION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Fraud remains a pervasive challenge in the Nigerian public sector, undermining transparency, accountability, and good governance. This study investigates the role of forensic accounting in fraud prevention in the Nigerian public sector. Survey design was adopted, and a 5-point likert scale questionnaire was adapted for data collection. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the data with the aid of SPSS version 23, and the results led to the rejection of all five null hypotheses. The findings indicate that Internal control, forensic audit, forensic accounting analysis, litigation advisory and financial evidence all positively predict fraud prevention significantly. The study concludes that forensic accounting plays a crucial role in fraud prevention in the Nigerian public sector. The study recommends the establishment of internal control unit, forensic audit units, used of financial accounting analysis, litigation advisory and the use of financial evidence in fraud prevention in the Nigerian public sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 DR. WETNWAN SETLE, GAI RUTH YAKUBU (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TREASURY BILLS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
This paper investigated the impact of treasury bills on economic growth in Nigeria from 1991 to 2023 with data on the variables - Gross Domestic Product, Treasury Bills Rates, Money Supply, Credit to private sector, Inflation Rate were collected from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin (various issues). The Ordinary Least Squares technique was employed to capture the long-run relationship between the variables, while the Granger Causality test was used to determine the causal effect of the variables. The results of the study revealed a significant negative correlation between treasury bills and economic growth. This suggests that the issuance of treasury bills has a detrimental effect on Nigeria's economic growth. Furthermore, the study found that all the variables examined had a substantial impact on the economy, highlighting the complex interplay between economic growth, treasury bills, inflation, and private sector credit. Furthermore, the study found that all the variables examined had a substantial impact on the economy, highlighting the complex interplay between economic growth, treasury bills, inflation, and private sector credit. Despite the negative correlation between treasury bills and economic growth, the study suggests that treasury bills can actually be a useful tool for boosting economic growth if designed and implemented effectively. The paper recommends that the government should ensure that treasury bills are used to support productive activities and stimulate investment in key sectors of the economy. This could involve using treasury bills to finance infrastructure projects, support small and medium-sized enterprises, or promote export-oriented industries and not just to mop up funds to control inflation among others.
Copyright (c) 2025 MOMOH, ABDULRAHEEM, IWASOKUN BAYO YEKINI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOUR AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT OUTCOMES IN MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN RIVERS STATE
This empirical study examines the relationship between Leadership Behaviour, specifically Transformational Leadership and Ethical Leadership, and Conflict Management Outcomes in manufacturing firms in Rivers State, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional survey of 350 employees across major manufacturing clusters, Conflict Management Outcomes were measured through Organizational Cohesion and Organizational Adaptability. Multiple Regression Analysis revealed that Transformational and Ethical Leadership jointly and significantly predict conflict management outcomes, explaining 54.3 percent of the variance in CMO (R² = 0.543, p < 0.001). Transformational Leadership emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.381), indicating the importance of inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation in promoting constructive conflict resolution. Ethical Leadership also showed a significant positive influence (β = 0.320), demonstrating that fairness, integrity, and ethical role modeling enhance cohesion and adaptive capacity. The findings confirm that leadership behaviour is a critical antecedent of effective conflict management and organizational resilience in manufacturing firms. The results further support local scholarship advocating administrative and digital restructuring anchored on strong leadership. Accordingly, manufacturing executives are encouraged to prioritize leader development initiatives that strengthen transformational competencies and ethical conduct to sustain cohesion, adaptability, and performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 OMAH, OKECHUKWU, PhD, EKWEOZOR, UCHENNA CHIZOBA, PhD (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC ORGANISATIONS IN NIGERIA
This study examined the comparative impact of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices in public and private organisations in Bida, Niger State. The research focused on identifying key HRM practices, assessing their influence on employee performance and satisfaction, and determining the challenges encountered in their implementation across sectors. A comparative survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from 212 respondents across selected public and private organisations using structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, chi-square, and independent sample t-tests, were employed to evaluate the data. Findings revealed that both public and private organisations in Bida adopt HRM practices such as recruitment and selection, training and development, compensation and benefits, and performance appraisal, although the level of effectiveness varies. Public organisations were perceived to have greater transparency in recruitment, while private organisations demonstrated stronger training systems and efficiency in performance management. Compensation practices, however, remained less satisfactory in both sectors. The study also identified political interference, budgetary limitations, and favouritism as persistent barriers to effective HRM implementation. The study concluded that HRM significantly affects employee performance and satisfaction in both sectors but requires contextual adjustments for optimal outcomes. It recommended that organisations strengthen merit-based recruitment, invest in continuous training, and enhance fairness in compensation and appraisal systems. The research contributes to the body of knowledge on comparative HRM in semi-urban Nigerian contexts and provides actionable insights for HR professionals and policymakers seeking to reform workforce management practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 YAHAYA, ADAMU ABUBASHIR, JUDE KOLO, DR DAVID GANA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MONETARY POLICY SHOCKS, EXCHANGE RATE DEVALUATION AND INFLATION VOLATILITY IN WEST AFRICA MONETARY ZONES
This study analysed monetary policy shocks, exchange rate devaluation and inflation volatility in West Africa Monetary Zones with the main objective of examining the impact of each of monetary policy shocks, exchange rate devaluation and inflation volatility has on one another in West Africa Monetary Zones. Four hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletins and World Bank data base. The study used Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) to model inflation volatility before carrying out system Generalized Method of Moments (system-GMM), GARCH analysis and Monte Carlo Simulations. From the results, monetary policy shocks, exchange rate devaluation and inflation volatility in Nigeria persist throughout the study period. The results further revealed that the Nigerian economy is inherently unstable and was characterised by pronounced macroeconomic fluctuations, which was induced mainly by external factors such as oil price fluctuations and the naira exchange rate in the focused period. The results of the BEKK (Baba, Engle, Kraft, and Kroner) parameter estimates show significant evidence of shocks and volatility transmission as well as spill overs in the economy. Invariably, monetary policy shocks, exchange rate depreciation and inflation volatility combine to generate instabilities in the economy in dynamic feedback pattern. The study concluded that interest rate, inflation rate, exchange rate and trade openness exert influence on the economic growth of Nigeria. Amongst others, the study recommended that government should develop effective export promotion strategies in order to encourage domestic industries to improve on their productivity level for both domestic consumption and exportation.
Copyright (c) 2025 ARUNA ABDULAZEEZ, MOMOH ABDULAZEEZ ONOSHOLE, MOMOH MUHAMMADKABIR OSIKHENA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ASSESSING THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN PROMOTING INNOVATION AND JOB CREATION
Entrepreneurship management is a prominent contributor of innovation and job creation, especially in developing countries, where formal employment opportunities are scarce. However, there are still scarce empirical insights on what type of managerial orientation that leads to innovation-based job growth among SMEs. This research investigated the contributions of entrepreneurial management practice (proactiveness, innovativeness, and risk taking) on innovation capability and employment generation in small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Southwest Nigeria. The research employed a mixed method approach of EMA surveys and qualitative interviews. Data were obtained from 784 SMEs operating in the states of Lagos and Ekiti, engaged in varying sectoral activities in the Nigerian’s SME space. Regression and structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was utilized using SmartPLS for the quantification of hypothesized relationships, while qualitative insights emerged from thematic analysis of interviews with a number of SME owners. Results showed that the effect of EM on IC (β = 0.48, p < 0.001) and employment generation (β = 0.39, p < 0.01) was positive and significant. Innovation was also shown to mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial management and employment generation (indirect effect, β = 0.27, CI = [0.15, 0.41]), accounting for 56% of the variance in job outcomes. The research contributes to the dynamic capabilities view by revealing that the agility of the top managers and the culture of innovation within the firm are the key enablers that allow them to turn the firm's entrepreneurial energy into a sustainable stream of new jobs. Policy makers need to support regional innovation clusters and consolidate SME management training schemes to improve competitiveness and job creation.
Copyright (c) 2026 GBENGA SAMSON FAYIGBE, DR. A. B. ADEBUSOYE, DR. E. OGUNJEMILUA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF NIGERIAN GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND PERFORMANCE OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENPERPRISES
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises significantly influence the economic diversification and social inclusion, making government to implement policies that contribute to the sector's performance. This review article explored these policies from 2020 to 2023. The study used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to identify, screen, and select eligible articles. Secondary data were sourced from the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises’ Survey Report and databases such as Google Scholar and Elsevier. The review included studies published in English, peer-reviewed journals, and those cited from 2018 till date and exclude unpublished articles, non-English publications, and those published before 2018. Policies put in place between 2020 and 2023 were also investigated to assess their objectives. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study reviewed 25 empirical papers and 13 policies. It was established that the objectives of these policies were not fully achieved due to challenges such as inadequate regulatory reforms, limited capacity building, bureaucratic hurdles, and restricted market access. The study recommends intensified government intervention in Nigeria, focusing on regulatory reforms, capacity building, reducing bureaucracy, and improving market access. These efforts are very important for nurturing sustainable growth and ensuring the long-term viability of the sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 FOLASADE AYODELE, GBENGA FAYIGBE, DR. EMMANUEL M. OGUNJEMILUA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPACT OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING TECHNIQUES ON FRAUD DETECTION IN ECOBANK, NIGERIA
This study examines the impact of forensic accounting techniques on fraud detection at Ecobank, Nigeria. The study employed a survey research design through the administration of structured questionnaire on the management staff of Ecobank. The target population of the study comprised the management staff of Ecobank, Nigeria. Three hypotheses were tested in line with the objectives of the study. The findings revealed that digital forensic techniques had a significant and positive effect on fraud detection capabilities (β = 0.981, p <0.001), data analytic techniques had a significant and positive impact on fraud detection effectiveness (β = 0.986, p <0.001), and forensic audit has a significant and positive effect on the ability to detect fraudulent activities (β =0.992, p < 0.001). The study concluded that forensic accounting techniques play a crucial role in enhancing fraud detection at Ecobank, Nigeria. It is recommended that Ecobank should invest in regular training and upskilling programmes for staff involved in digital forensics, data analytics and forensic audit to maintain advanced fraud detection capabilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 DR. PAUL A. OLOJEDE, DR. BENNETH EZE, OBUEH U. NAARAH (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
JOINT EFFECT OF DIVIDEND POLICY AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT ON FIRM VALUES OF LISTED CONSUMER GOODS FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Earnings Management and dividend policy remain the two pivotal financial strategies influencing firm value. These mechanisms, while instrumental in corporate decision-making, can have profound implications on investor perception and market valuation. This study examined the joint impact of earnings management and dividend policy on the firm values of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. A correlational research design in a sample of 16 firms for a period of 12 years (2012-2023) was applied in the study. Panel regression technique of data analysis was used, and the study found after controlling for the effect of firm size that earnings management significantly and positively affects the market values of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study concludes, after controlling for firm size, that the dividend payout ratio is a strong determinant of firm value in the Nigerian consumer goods sector. The finding confirms that investors appear to reward firms with consistent and higher dividend payouts, reflecting a preference for current income and reduced uncertainty. Lastly, the study found, after controlling for firm size, that dividend per share alone is insufficient to drive firm value, and that a consistent payout policy is likely more important to investors than the amount paid per share. Additionally, firm size does not significantly influence market valuation, implying that efficiency and strategic positioning, rather than asset base alone, are more critical in determining firm value in Nigeria's consumer goods sector. The study recommends, amongst others, that regulatory bodies such as the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) should enhance surveillance and monitoring mechanisms to detect and curb earnings management. Although the study found a positive short-term relationship between earnings management and firm value, this practice undermines the integrity of financial reporting and may lead to long-term harm to the firm's reputation and investor trust.
Copyright (c) 2025 UMAR ABDULLAHI AHMED, ABUBAKAR MODIBBO (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND CORRUPTION RISK ASSESSMENT: JOINT ADMISSIONS AND MATRICULATION BOARD (JAMB)
The Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB), established in 1978, regulates admissions into Nigeria’s tertiary institutions through the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME). Since 2016, the agency has implemented reforms aimed at modernising its processes and strengthening accountability. While notable progress has been achieved, persistent challenges continue to undermine transparency, inclusivity, and public trust. This report assesses JAMB’s performance in promoting transparency, accountability, and mitigating corruption risks. It finds that reforms such as centralised e-payments, biometric verification, and the Central Admissions Processing System (CAPS) have improved financial management and reduced fraud. JAMB’s compliance with Freedom of Information (FOI) requests, coupled with expanded use of digital platforms, has further enhanced public communication and oversight. However, weaknesses remain. Limited disclosure of expenditure details and procurement outcomes constrains accountability. Historical corruption scandals and ongoing legal cases highlight governance vulnerabilities, while disparities in access to examination centres for rural and disabled candidates expose gaps in inclusivity. Technical disruptions during examinations also point to infrastructural deficiencies. The report recommends that JAMB enhance transparency by publishing detailed expenditure data and audit reports, while sustaining anti-corruption measures and supporting investigations. Expanding examination centres in underserved regions and improving disability accommodations are critical for equitable access. Investing in resilient infrastructure and engaging proactively in legislative matters is crucial to enhancing credibility and aligning JAMB more effectively with Nigeria’s broader educational objectives.
Copyright (c) 2025 UMAR YAKUBU, PhD, MUHUMMAD ILIASU, GODWIN AGABA OCHUBE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE MODERATING ROLE OF CULTURE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN MANYU DIVISION, CAMEROON
This study investigates the moderating role of local culture in the relationship between financial inclusion and the financial performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Manyu Division, Cameroon. A survey was conducted on a sample of 330 SMEs in Manyu Division, Cameroon. Questionnaires were used to collect data, which were then analyzed using the SEM-PLS technique. The research findings show that, although financial services do not have a statistically significant effect, other results indicate a beneficial effect on financial performance. Additionally, local culture was found to strengthen this relationship. With the moderation of local culture, the path coefficient value is 0.319, and the significance value is 0.010. culture strengthens the interaction between financial service quality and the financial performance of SMEs in Manyu Division, with a significant value of 0.048, which is less than 0.05. Therefore, the test result shows that the nature of culture moderation is quasi-moderation, as both the direct effect coefficient (0.048) and the moderation effect coefficient (0.010) are less than 0.05. The study supports the Resource-Based Theory as a theoretical contribution, making it relevant in reducing barriers to the growth of SMEs. The relevance of this article lies in providing new insights from the perspective of users, namely SMEs, whose numbers are still relatively small, particularly in terms of utilizing unique local genius values to enhance the interaction between financial inclusion and SMEs’ financial performance. The study’s insights contribute to the financial inclusion literature by highlighting the critical role of culture in shaping the financial performance outcomes of SMEs. The findings have implications for policy makers, financial institutions, and SMEs seeking to enhance financial performance through inclusive financial services tailored to cultural context.
Copyright (c) 2025 AYUK TAKEMEYANG, PhD, HENRY JONG KETUMA, PhD, TAMBI ANDISON AKPOR (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT: EVIDENCE OF KALTUNGO, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the influence of community participation on conservation of the environment; evidence of Kaltungo, Gombe State, Nigeria. The main objective is to examine community participation in conservation of the environment in Kaltungo. The study used descriptive survey research design, quantitative data were collected from 384 respondents through 5 points Likert scale structured questionnaires. The sample size was drawn from the population of 149,805 using Taro Yamane’s (1967) formula and stratified random sampling technique was used. The Cronbach’s Alpha test of the instrument yielded a coefficient of 0.889 (88.9%) and content validity was established by an expert. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics for demographic data and inferential statistics was used to test the hypotheses using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 23. The findings revealed that community participation significantly influenced the effectiveness of conservation initiatives, while challenges such as inadequate funding, poor technical knowledge and weak enforcement of environmental laws constrained participation. Strategies such as sensitization, provision of resources and partnerships between communities, government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) were found to enhance conservation outcomes. The study concluded that active community participation is crucial for sustainable environmental management and recommended that strengthening awareness campaigns, providing adequate funding, providing institutional support and enforcement of relevant environmental policies.
Copyright (c) 2025 JAIRUS BULA DAVID, MUAWIYA SHUAIBU, ABDULRAZAK AIDE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFFECT OF DIGITAL SERVICE TAX ON TAX REVENUE AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN NIGERIA
This study investigates the effect of Nigeria’s Digital Service Tax (DST) on two principal tax revenue streams—Value Added Tax (VAT) and Company Income Tax (CIT)—and on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows between 2014 and 2024. Employing an ex post facto research design and secondary time-series data from the Federal Inland Revenue Service, Central Bank of Nigeria, and World Bank, the analysis uses Ordinary Least Squares regression with a DST dummy variable (0 = pre-2020, 1 = post-2020) to quantify policy impacts. Results reveal that the introduction of DST is associated with an average annual increase of ₦375.36 billion in digital VAT (R² = 0.687, p = 0.003) and ₦710.06 billion in digital CIT revenue (R² = 0.668, p = 0.004). Contrary to concerns about investment displacement, digital-sector FDI inflows rose by an average of USD 1,039.36 million post-DST (R² = 0.659, p = 0.004), suggesting that clear and transparent digital tax rules can coexist with—and may even bolster—foreign investment. These findings validate the Benefit Theory of Taxation in the digital context, demonstrating that entities deriving value from Nigeria’s digital ecosystem contribute equitably to public revenues without deterring capital inflows. Policy recommendations include enhancing digital tax administration capacity, clarifying DST guidelines to stakeholders, and earmarking DST proceeds for digital infrastructure development. The study contributes novel empirical benchmarks for digital tax policy and provides a foundation for future cross-country and sectoral analyses.
Copyright (c) 2025 FADIPE, ADENIYI OLUBUNMI (PhD), ADEDOKUN, LATEEF BABTUNDE, BASSEY, GOODLUCK PAUL, GANIYU, ADENIRAN BUSARI (PhD) (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TAX COMPLIANCE AND CORPORATE PERFORMANCE OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
This study investigated tax compliance and corporate performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to investigate if tax compliance has significant effect on return on assets, return on equity and earnings per share. The secondary source of data collection was adopted in the study while the purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample size of ten (10) listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Ordinary Least Square regression analysis was used in this study and the findings revealed that tax compliance has significant effect on return on assets and that tax compliance has significant effect on return on equity and that tax compliance has no significant effect on earnings per share. The study recommended among others that to improve the return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria, the services of tax experts should be engaged in legal tax planning, like transfer pricing or structuring intra-company debt, in order to reduce the net tax payment. By doing so, the net income after tax will increase, this in turn increases corporate performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 ODION AUGUSTINE (PhD), ISAH MOHAMMED (PhD) (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LOW COST STRATEGY AND MARKET PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES (SMEs) IN SOUTH EASTERN NIGERIA
This study examined the relationship between low cost strategy and Market Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South Eastern Nigeria. The work was carried out to identify the extent low cost strategy business approach has helped to achieve business goals. The design adopted was survey; and questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection. The data collected were presented in tables and analysed using mean statistic and tested with Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (at 0.05% level of significance) through SPSS version 21.0. From the results of the test of hypotheses, it could be seen that hypothesis 1, 2, and 3 have the Pearson correlation coefficient value up to 0.80-0.89 indicating that there is very strong relationship among the variables under study. Therefore, low cost strategy has positive and significant relationship with customer acquisition, sales volume and market share in small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs). It was concluded that the achievement of improved market performance in small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) depends on the extent of implementation of low cost strategy. The study recommends that the small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) should intensify efforts to offer their products on low cost so as to achieve higher sales. In addition, small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) have to adopt varying pricing strategies so as to attract different categories of customers to the business.
Copyright (c) 2025 IWUAGWU, KEVIN CHIJIOKE (Ph.D), PROF. IBEKWE CHIGOZIE FRANCISCA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE AND NIGERIAN ECONOMIC GROWTH
Despite its status as Africa's largest economy, Nigeria faces persistent challenges of growth without development, highlighting the limitations of its oil-dependent economic structure. To identify a viable pathway for diversification, this research assesses the precise effect of stock market performance, measured through market capitalization, the All-Share Index, and the value traded ratio, on the nation's economic growth (GDP). The study used yearly aggregate data from 1994 to 2023, obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and World Bank Indicators. Multiple regression analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlation tests were employed to evaluate the impact of the selected stock market variables on GDP. The findings showed that market capitalization had a significant positive effect on GDP (p-value = 0.000), indicating that increases in the value of listed companies contributed meaningfully to Nigeria’s economic growth. However, the all share index (p-value = 0.4557) and value traded ratio (p-value = 0.1468) had no significant effect on GDP, suggesting that stock price movements and trading liquidity did not translate into substantial real sector growth. These results pointed to structural inefficiencies within Nigeria’s stock market that limited its capacity to drive sustainable economic expansion. The study concluded that market capitalization was the most relevant stock market variable influencing economic growth, while speculative indices and liquidity measures contributed little. It recommended policies to strengthen market capitalization through firm growth and new listings, improve market efficiency, and foster stronger linkages between stock market activities and the real economy to promote long-term development.
Copyright (c) 2025 OLADEJO, M.O., AKINTOYE, R.O., EDEH, B., ODUWOLE, F.R. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFFECT OF COMPENSATION ADMINISTRATION ON PERFORMANCE OF ACADEMIC STAFF IN UNIVERSITIES IN KWARA AND OSUN STATES, NIGERIA
This study investigates the impact of compensation management on the performance of academic staff within Nigerian universities. Despite the critical role of compensation in enhancing staff performance, the Nigerian higher education sector faces challenges such as inadequate benefits, and misaligned policies, leading to low morale, high turnover, and reduced productivity. This research explored the relationship between compensation administration and academic staff performance (teaching effectiveness, research productivity, and professional development).A cross-sectional survey design was employed, analyzing data from a sample of 487 academic staff (out of an initial distributed questionnaire of 504) across a population of 12,209 academic staff in public and private universities in Kwara and Osun States. Data was gathered through structured questionnaires, with a high response rate of 98.38% (487 usable responses). The research used descriptive and inferential statistics, including linear regression analysis, with all questionnaire demonstrating strong reliability.The findings revealed significant positive relationships across all compensation dimensions and academic staff performance. Compensation administration accounted for 53.0% (R2=0.530, p < 0.001). Independent samples t-tests consistently showed significant differences in perceptions and reported performance between academic staff in public and private universities, with public university staff generally exhibiting higher mean scores for compensation administration and performance dimensions. The study conclude that effective compensation management systems are critical for enhancing academic staff performance, with transparent administration. It is recommended that university administrators regularly review and update compensation frameworks for competitiveness and equity, implement transparent administration, and strategically design incentives.
Copyright (c) 2025 ADEGOROE A. A., USMAN TAOFIK A., MORONFOYE MISTURA O. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPACT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF DONOR-FUNDED PROJECTS ON LIVELIHOODS, SOCIAL SERVICES, AND ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT IN KOGI STATE
This study examined the impact and sustainability of donor-funded interventions on poverty reduction, healthcare delivery, and socio-economic development in Kogi State, Nigeria, between 2014 and 2024. Using a mixed-method approach, primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 372 respondents, while secondary data were sourced from project reports and government publications. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to determine the significance of relationships between donor interventions and key development outcomes. The results revealed that donor-funded projects have made a statistically significant contribution to poverty reduction (χ² = 124.586, p = 0.000), improved healthcare delivery (χ² = 35.258, p = 0.000), and demonstrated a degree of sustainability even after donor withdrawal (χ² = 46.898, p = 0.000). Respondents largely agreed that donor interventions enhanced income generation, job creation, and access to essential services, particularly benefiting vulnerable groups such as women and youth. However, sustainability challenges were identified, including inadequate local funding, weak maintenance culture, and limited post-project monitoring, which threaten long-term project continuity. The study concludes that donor interventions remain a key driver of socio-economic transformation in Kogi State, complementing government efforts to achieve poverty reduction and improved human development outcomes. It recommends strengthening local ownership, integrating donor projects into state budgetary systems, and developing robust post-donor financing and monitoring frameworks to safeguard gains. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness and sustainability of donor-funded interventions at the sub-national level and offers practical insights for policymakers, development practitioners, and donor agencies seeking to optimize development assistance for lasting impact.
Copyright (c) 2025 ONUCHE, MICHAEL LAWRENCE, PROF. SUMAILA ABDULGANIYU FEMI, ADAJI ANDREW, Ph.D. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EMPLOYEE RESOURCING STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE OF LISTED FOOD MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
Evidences abound in the extant literature on the significance of employee resourcing strategies in enhancing organizational performance across industries globally. However, the specific impact of such strategies on performance in Nigeria’s food manufacturing sector remains underexplored. This study examined employee resourcing strategies (ERS) and performance of listed food manufacturing firms in Lagos, Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed the effect of workforce planning strategies and evaluated the effect of recruitment strategies on performance of listed food manufacturing firms in Lagos, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey design. Purposive sampling method was employed to select six (6) Listed food manufacturing firms in Lagos Nigeria, based on market capitalization and operational longevity, yielding a total population of 15,418. A combined sample of 375 employees and 384 customers was drawn. Data was collected with the aid of structured questionnaires. Simple linear regression was used to assess the effect of workforce planning strategies and recruitment strategies on performance of the listed food manufacturing firms in Lagos, Nigeria. Findings revealed that workforce planning has a positive significant effect on organizational performance, with an unstandardized coefficient (B) of 0.877, adjusted R² of 0.799, and p = 0.000. Recruitment strategies also indicated a positive significant effect on performance, with R = 0.894, unstandardized coefficient (B) = 0.758, and p = 0.000. The study concluded that workforce planning strategies and recruitment strategies have positive significant effect on performance of listed of food manufacturing firms in Lagos, Nigeria. It is recommended that firms should continuously invest in, and refine their employee resourcing strategies by leveraging technology, adopting merit-based hiring, and aligning workforce needs with operational objectives to enhance competitive advantage, customer loyalty, and organizational efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2025 OJOKUKU R. M., AFOLABI M. O. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY OF COCOA PRODUCTION IN IDANRE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao Lineus) has remained a valuable crop and major foreign exchange earner among other agricultural commodity export of the Nigerian economy. In spite of its significance however, cocoa production in the country has witnessed a downward trend after 1971 season. The primary aim of this study is to determine the structure of costs and returns and estimate Net farm income profitablity in Idanre LGA Ondo state. To achieve this aim, 80 cocoa farmers were interviewed with the use of a well – structured questionnaire through a multi stage random sampling techniques. The cost and return analysis reveals that the net farm income per hectares for the average cocoa farmers is 605, 566 naira per hectare. The efficiency ratio is 2.2 while the profitability ratio is estimated to be 1.21. That is out of every ₦1 invested, the average farmer made a profit of ₦1 and 20kobo. Production function analysis was used to determine the level of resource use efficiency of farmers. The estimated coefficients of agrochemical, farm equipment’s, and land were positive and significant at 1-5 percent alpha levels, but labour was not significant but positive. Agrochemical and labour is currently being over-utilized on cocoa farms. This implies that a decrease in use of these inputs or using less of these inputs in cocoa production is likely to increase profitability. That is decrease use of these inputs or using less of these inputs in cocoa production is likely to increase profitability Increased use of land and farm equipment would increase profitability on cocoa farms in the study area. The study therefore recommends that farmers need to be guided to cut down on the use of agrochemicals and labor on their cocoa farms so as to increase profit. They should be provided with credit facilities from formal credit institutions at affordable interests.
Copyright (c) 2025 AKEREDOLU, KAYODE EZEKIEL (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FIRM ATTRIBUTES AND EARNINGS QUALITY OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
The study examined firm attributes and earnings quality of deposit money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The study adopted the ex-post facto research design, which allows data existing in records of the company to be extracted. The study used data extracted from the financial statements of 14 listed DMBs in Nigeria for the period of 2009 to 2022. The study also employed panel data multiple regression technique. The results revealed that profitability and firm size have significant positive impact on earnings per share. Hence, it is recommended that large banks should create window services to enable them respond quickly to profit-making opportunities.
Copyright (c) 2025 ODEY, JOY OCHUOLE (PhD) (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUDITOR INDEPENDENCE, MANDATORY ROTATION, AND AUDIT QUALITY IN NON-FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA
This study investigated the relationship between auditor independence, mandatory auditor rotation, and audit quality in non-financial institutions in Nigeria. The study was guided by two research questions, objectives, and hypotheses. Key concepts explored include auditor independence, mandatory rotation, and audit quality. A detailed review of empirical literature was conducted to uncover existing findings and gaps regarding the influence of auditor-related policies on the quality of audit outcomes in non-financial sectors. The study was underpinned by three theoretical frameworks: Agency Theory, the Independent Auditor Theory, and the Audit Tenure Theory. A correlational research design was adopted due to the reliance on historical data. Auditor independence and mandatory rotation were treated as independent variables, while audit quality served as the dependent variable. Data analysis involved the application of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The results revealed that auditor independence had a significant positive relationship with audit quality, while mandatory auditor rotation also significantly influenced the quality of audits in the sampled firms. Based on the findings, the study recommended strengthening independence safeguards and enforcing structured rotation policies to enhance audit transparency and trust in financial reporting within the non-financial sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 ABAH-MARCUS, OLALADIZA PRINCESS (PhD) (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DIGITAL FINANCIAL LITERACY AND AI-DRIVEN DIGITAL FINANCE ADOPTION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CUSTOMER VALUE PROPOSITION IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY IN CAMEROON
The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in digital finance has transformed the banking landscape, necessitating a deeper understanding of the factors influencing its adoption. This study investigates the effect of digital financial literacy on customers' intention to adopt AI-driven digital finance, with customer value proposition (CVP) serving as a mediating variable. Surveys were employed to collect data from 466 banking customers in Cameroon, which were analyzed using partial least squares-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). It was revealed that DFL influences CVP, including Functional, Benefit, Symbolic and Emotional Value, which are involved in the intention to use digital finance. The mediation of the nexus between DFL and the intention to use digital finance was carried out using the four dimensions of CVP. The coefficient of Intention to Use of 0.669, which indicates that the direct contribution of the Customer Value proposition to Intention to Use amounted to approximately 66.9%. Therefore, this study revealed that the customer value proposition significantly predicted the intention to Use AI-driven banking services. Theoretical and practical insights into the development of digital finance services in a developing country are provided by this study’s findings. Theoretically, the research on drivers of the customer value proposition in financial services is extended. As practical implications, financial institutions are advised to focus on emotional and symbolic values such as brand image, customer experience, and trust. It is also recommended that the government and institutions continue activities that promote digital financial literacy.